Los Angeles — 2023-09-06

City Council

#1 Item
(1) 23-0789 CD 12 CATEGORICAL EXEMPTION and PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE REPORT relative to the name of the private driveway at 11582 North Longacre Avenue being established as Vigil Way. Recommendations for Council action: FIND that the name establishment is exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act of 1970, pursuant to Article III, Class 5(4) of the City’s Environmental Guidelines. FIND that the name of the private driveway at 11582 North Longacre Avenue, shown on Exhibit A of the City Engineer report dated July 20, 2023, attached to the Council file, be established as Vigil Way (Private Driveway). INSTRUCT the City Clerk to transmit the Council’s action on this matter to the Board of Supervisors, County of Los Angeles, pursuant to Section 34092 of the Government Code.
#10 Item
(10) 23-0671 BUDGET, FINANCE AND INNOVATION COMMITTEE REPORT relative to delinquent accounts receivables submitted by the Los Angeles Housing Department (LAHD) for the quarter ending March 31, 2023. Recommendation for Council action: APPROVE the LAHD to remove from its active account receivables, 57 uncollectible invoices totaling $2,049,423.23.
#11 Item
(11) 23-0634 CD 10 BUDGET, FINANCE AND INNOVATION COMMITTEE REPORT relative to a refund claim filed by 3434 Chesapeake, LLC, (Claimant) for the project located at 3434 South Chesapeake Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90016. Recommendation for Council action, SUBJECT TO THE APPROVAL OF THE MAYOR: APPROVE Refund Claim No. 164788 in the amount of $107,718.36 to the Claimant for the property located at 3434 South Chesapeake Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90016.
#12 Item
(12) 23-0767 CD 12 BUDGET, FINANCE AND INNOVATION COMMITTEE REPORT relative to a refund claim filed by Bedrock Properties Group, LLC, (Claimant) for the project located at 9200 North Winnetka Avenue, Chatsworth, California 91311. Recommendation for Council action, SUBJECT TO THE APPROVAL OF THE MAYOR: APPROVE Refund Claim No. 163393 in the amount of $157,726.36 to the Claimant for the property located at 9200 North Winnetka Avenue, Chatsworth, California 91311.
#13 Item
(13) 23-0829 BUDGET, FINANCE AND INNOVATION COMMITTEE REPORT relative to the collection amount and accuracy of the Documentary Transfer Tax collected by the County of Los Angeles. Recommendation for Council action, pursuant to Motion (Blumenfield – Krekorian): INSTRUCT the Office of Finance to: Report on the Documentary Transfer Tax, including: The amount that has been collected since the implementation of Measure ULA. The amount collected over the past three years. The amount collected from commercial, residential and multifamily transfers. The amount collected through legal entity transfers versus deed transfers. The methods employed to track and collect when transfers occur within legal entities. Estimates of funds that may not be collected in the case where legal entity transfers are difficult to track. Report on the accuracy of the Los Angeles County Documentary Transfer Tax collection and enforcement process and if any issues exist that may be exacerbated now that the Measure ULA taxes are being collected as well as any measures the City can take to ensure accuracy. Provide monthly reports on Measure ULA revenues collected and updates on their enforcement measures as funded in the Fiscal Year 2023-24 budget.
#14 Item
(14) 23-0600-S103 BUDGET, FINANCE AND INNOVATION COMMITTEE REPORT relative to transferring $1,000,000 from the Unappropriated Balance for on-demand tree trimming services in all Council Districts. Recommendations for Council action, pursuant to Motion (Blumenfield – Hutt), SUBJECT TO THE APPROVAL OF THE MAYOR: AUTHORIZE the Controller to transfer and appropriate $1,000,000 from the Unappropriated Balance Fund No. 100/58, Account No. 580185, Tree Trimming Services, to the Bureau of Street Services, Fund No. 100/86, for on-demand tree trimming services in all Council Districts as follows: $900,000 to Account No. 001090, Overtime Salaries. $100,000 to Account No. 006020, Operating Supplies and Expense. AUTHORIZE the Bureau of Street Services, Controller, and City Administrative Officer to make any technical corrections or clarifications to the above fund transfer instructions in order to effectuate the intent of this Motion.
#15 Item
(15) 13-0916 PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE REPORT relative to the reappointment of Michael Davis to the Board of Public Works. Recommendation for Council action: RESOLVE that the Mayor’s reappointment of Michael Davis to the Board of Public Works for the term ending June 30, 2028, is APPROVED and CONFIRMED. Michael Davis currently resides in Council District Nine. (Current composition: M = 2; F = 3) Financial Disclosure Statement: Filed Community Impact Statement: None submitted TIME LIMIT FILE - SEPTEMBER 28, 2023 (LAST DAY FOR COUNCIL ACTION - SEPTEMBER 27, 2023) Communication from City Ethics Commission dated 8-29-23 Report from Public Works Committee_8-23-23 Report from Mayor dated 8-14-23
#16 Item
(16) 23-1200-S131 COMMUNICATIONS FROM THE MAYOR relative to the appointment of Janis Barquist to the Employee Relations Board. (Personnel, Audits, and Hiring Committee report to be submitted in Council. If public hearing is not held in Committee, an opportunity for public comment will be provided.) (Click on www.lacouncilfile.com for background documents.) Community Impact Statement: None submitted. TIME LIMIT FILE - SEPTEMBER 7, 2023 (LAST DAY FOR COUNCIL ACTION - SEPTEMBER 6, 2023) Communication from Mayor dated 8-31-23 Communication from Mayor dated 07-24-23
#17 Item
(17) 23-0005-S135 CD 1 CONTINUED CONSIDERATION OF COMMUNICATION FROM THE LOS ANGELES HOUSING DEPARTMENT (LAHD) and RESOLUTION relative to removing the property at 2823 West Leeward Avenue (Case No. 748419), Assessor I.D. No. 5077-015-014, from the Rent Escrow Account Program (REAP). Recommendation for Council action: APPROVE the LAHD report recommendation dated August 7, 2023, attached to the Council file, and ADOPT the accompanying RESOLUTION removing the property at 2823 West Leeward Avenue (Case No. 748419), Assessor I.D. No. 5077-015-014, from the REAP.
#18 Item
(18) 23-0005-S131 CD 1 CONTINUED CONSIDERATION OF COMMUNICATION FROM THE LOS ANGELES HOUSING DEPARTMENT (LAHD) and RESOLUTION relative to removing the property at 934 North Everett Street (Case No. 784305), Assessor I.D. No. 5406-017-026, from the Rent Escrow Account Program (REAP). Recommendation for Council action: APPROVE the LAHD report recommendation dated July 24, 2023, attached to the Council file, and ADOPT the accompanying RESOLUTION removing the property at 934 North Everett Street (Case No. 784305), Assessor I.D. No. 5406-017-026, from the REAP.
#19 Item
(19) 23-0005-S137 CD 14 CONTINUED CONSIDERATION OF COMMUNICATION FROM THE LOS ANGELES HOUSING DEPARTMENT (LAHD) and RESOLUTION relative to removing the property at 2619 East Pennsylvania Avenue (Case No. 637524), Assessor I.D. No. 5180-010-024, from the Rent Escrow Account Program (REAP). Recommendation for Council action: APPROVE the LAHD report recommendation dated August 7, 2023, attached to the Council file, and ADOPT the accompanying RESOLUTION removing the property at 2619 East Pennsylvania Avenue (Case No. 637524), Assessor I.D. No. 5180-010-024, from the REAP.
#2 Item
(2) 23-0912 CD 7 MOTION (RODRIGUEZ - KREKORIAN) and RESOLUTION relative to the issuance of revenue bonds or other obligations for the acquisition, construction, improvement, furnishing, and equipping of an assisted living facility and nursing facility known as Ararat Assisted Living Facility and Ararat Nursing Facility, respectively, located at 15105, 15099, and 15155 Mission Hills Road in Council District 7. Recommendations for Council action, SUBJECT TO THE APPROVAL OF THE MAYOR: HOLD a Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 (TEFRA) Hearing at the City Council meeting to be held on September 6, 2023 at 10:00 a.m., located at 200 North Spring Street, Room 340, Los Angeles, California 90012. ADOPT the accompanying TEFRA RESOLUTION, attached to the Council file, to allow the California Municipal Finance Authority to issue bonds in an amount not to exceed $12,000,000 to provide financing, refinancing, and/or reimbursement for the acquisition, construction, improvement, furnishing, and equipping of an assisted living facility and nursing facility located at 15105 Mission Hills Road, 15099 Mission Hills Road, and 15155 Mission Hills Road in Council District 7. Motion (Rodriguez - Krekorian) dated 8-29-23
#20 Item
(20) 19-0898-S3 CD 8 MOTION (HARRIS-DAWSON – HUTT) relative to a contract amendment with the nonprofit Destination Crenshaw to design and construct the Destination Crenshaw Project. Recommendations for Council action, SUBJECT TO APPROVAL OF THE MAYOR: APPROVE the Fourth Amendment, attached to the Motion, to Contract No. C-134516 between the City of Los Angeles and the Destination Crenshaw nonprofit, as substantially presented, to increase the contract ceiling amount by $13,000,000 for an amended total amount of $46,807,000, and replace the payment schedule of the contract with the revised Exhibit F - Project Budget and Payment Schedule. ESTABLISH a new capital project entitled “Destination Crenshaw”, and within Capital Capital Improvement Expenditure Program Fund No. 100/54. AUTHORIZE the appropriation of $13,000,000 to a new account entitled "Destination Crenshaw'' from the following sources of funds for payments associated with Contract No. C-134516: $5,997,979 transfer from Capital Improvement Expenditure Program Fund No. 100/54, Sankofa Park Account No. 00Y954. $3,714,776 transfer from Capital Improvement Expenditure Program Fund No. 100/54, K-Line Pedestrian Linkage Account No. 00Y971. $1,639,147 transfer from General City Purposes Fund No. 100/56, Council Community Projects Account No. 000903 (Destination Crenshaw, CD 8). $477,314 in reimbursement transfers from Cultural Affairs Department Fund No. 100/30, Crenshaw Arts District Account No. 009878 (Source Fund No. 480), as approved by the Cultural Affairs Department upon receipt and review of project invoices. $1,170,784 in reimbursement transfers from the Park and Recreational Sites and Facilities Fund No. 209, Various Recreation and Parks Facilities Account No. 88Y210 (CD 8 Trees and Green Space Restoration Project), as approved by Recreation and Parks upon receipt and review of project invoices. AUTHORIZE the City Administrative Officer to make any technical corrections or clarifications to the above fund transfer instructions in order to effectuate the intent of this Motion, including any corrections and changes to fund or account numbers. Motion (Harris-Dawson - Hutt) dated 8-30-23
#21 Item
(21) 22-1028-S1 CD 2 MOTION (KREKORIAN – SOTO-MARTÍNEZ) relative to funding for services in connection with the Council District 2 special recognition at City Hall of the LA For All campaign - the City's anti-hate Public Service Announcement (PSA) campaign, on September 28, 2023, including the illumination of City Hall. Recommendation for Council action, SUBJECT TO APPROVAL OF THE MAYOR: TRANSFER and APPROPRIATE $400 from the General City Purposes Fund No. 100/56, Account No. 0702 (CD-2 Community Services) to the General Services Fund No. 100/40, Account No. 1070 (Salaries - As Needed), for services in connection with the Council District 2 special recognition at City Hall of the LA For All campaign - the City's anti-hate PSA campaign, on September 28, 2023, including the illumination of City Hall. Motion (Krekorian - Soto-Martinez) dated 8-30-23.pdf
#22 Item
(22) 23-0098 COMMUNICATION FROM THE CITY ATTORNEY and ORDINANCE FIRST CONSIDERATION relative to amending Sections 10.1.1, 10.2, and 10.2.1 of Article 1, Chapter 1, Division 10 of the Los Angeles Administrative Code (LAAC) to make changes to the requirements for written contracts. Recommendation for Council action, SUBJECT TO THE APPROVAL OF THE MAYOR: PRESENT and ADOPT the accompanying ORDINANCE, dated August 30, 2023, amending Sections 10.1.1,10.2, and 10.2.1 of Article 1, Chapter 1, Division 10 of the LAAC to make changes to the requirements for written contracts.
#23 Item
(23) 23-0675 The City Council may recess to Closed Session, pursuant to Government Code Section 54956.9(d)(1), to confer with its legal counsel relative to the case entitled Shouresh Nikkhah v. Eric McGlover, et al., Los Angeles Superior Court Case No. 20STCV21717. (This matter arises from a traffic accident which occurred on October 9, 2019, near the intersection of Victory Boulevard and Nagel Street in the City of Los Angeles.) (Budget, Finance and Innovation Committee considered this matter in Closed Session on August 23, 2023) Report from City Attorney dated 6-08-23 Speaker Card(s)_08-23-2023
#24 Item
(24) 23-0677 The City Council may recess to Closed Session, pursuant to Government Code Section 54956.9(d)(1), to confer with its legal counsel relative to the case entitled Anzhelya Makaryan v. City of Los Angeles, et al., Los Angeles Superior Court Case No. 21STCV13588. (This matter arises from a trip and fall incident which occurred on June 15, 2022, on the sidewalk abutting 100 North Doheny Drive, in the City of Los Angeles.) (Budget, Finance and Innovation Committee considered this matter in Closed Session on August 23, 2023) Report from City Attorney dated 6-08-23 Speaker Card(s)_08-23-2023
#25 Item
(25) 23-0679 The City Council may recess to Closed Session, pursuant to Government Code Section 54956.9(d)(1), to confer with its legal counsel relative to the case entitled Linda Fisher v. City of Los Angeles, Los Angeles Superior Court Case No. 19STCV45270. (This matter arises from a complaint of discrimination based on sexual orientation and disability, harassment, retaliation and failure to prevent discrimination in violation of the California Fair Employment and Housing Act against the City of Los Angeles.) (Budget, Finance and Innovation Committee considered this matter in Closed Session on August 23, 2023) Report from City Attorney dated 6-08-23.pdf Speaker Card(s)_08-23-2023
#26 Item
(26) 23-0686 The City Council may recess to Closed Session, pursuant to Government Code Section 54956.9(d)(1), to confer with its legal counsel relative to the case entitled Barry Telis v. City of Los Angeles, Los Angeles Superior Court Case No. 20STCV38968. (This matter arises from Plaintiff’s claims of retaliation.) (Budget, Finance and Innovation Committee considered this matter in Closed Session on August 23, 2023) Report from City Attorney dated 6-08-23.pdf Speaker Card(s)_08-23-2023
#27 Item
(27) 23-0689 The City Council may recess to Closed Session, pursuant to Government Code Section 54956.9(d)(1), to confer with its legal counsel relative to the case entitled California Fair Plan Association v. City of Los Angeles, et al., Los Angeles Superior Court Case No. 22STCV23477. (This matter arises from the June 30, 2021, incident in which the Los Angeles Police Department Bomb Squad detonated explosive material.) (Budget, Finance and Innovation Committee considered this matter in Closed Session on August 23, 2023) Report from City Attorney dated 6-08-23 Speaker Card(s)_08-23-2023
#28 Item
(28) 23-0691 The City Council may recess to Closed Session, pursuant to Government Code Section 54956.9(d)(1), to confer with its legal counsel relative to the case entitled Blanca Avila v. City of Los Angeles, et al., Los Angeles Superior Court Case No. BC684155. (This matter arises out of the alleged discrimination on the basis of a disability and retaliation that occurred in 2015 to 2016 within the Los Angeles Police Department.) (Budget, Finance and Innovation Committee considered this matter in Closed Session on August 23, 2023) Report from City Attorney dated 6-08-23.pdf Speaker Card(s)_08-23-2023
#29 Item
(29) 23-0692 The City Council may recess to Closed Session, pursuant to Government Code Section 54956.9(d)(1), to confer with its legal counsel relative to the case entitled Julian A. Martinez, Jr., et al. v. City of Los Angeles, et al., Los Angeles Superior Court Case No. 20STCV26314. (This matter arises from a vehicle collision that occurred on January 7, 2020, between a Los Angeles Police Department police officer and Plaintiff who was a passenger in a vehicle.) (Budget, Finance and Innovation Committee considered this matter in Closed Session on August 23, 2023) Report from City Attorney dated 6-08-23.pdf Speaker Card(s)_08-23-2023
#3 Item
(3) 13-1058 PUBLIC SAFETY COMMITTEE REPORT relative to the reappointment of Jimmie Woods-Gray to the Board of Fire Commissioners (BFC). Recommendation for Council action: RESOLVE that the Mayor’s reappointment of Jimmie Woods-Gray to the BFC for the term ending June 30, 2028, is APPROVED and CONFIRMED. Appointee currently resides in Council District 8. Appointee’s term expired on June 30, 2023. (Current Composition: M = 1; F = 4) Financial Disclosure Statement: Filed Community Impact Statement: None submitted TIME LIMIT FILE - SEPTEMBER 28, 2022 (LAST DAY FOR COUNCIL ACTION - SEPTEMBER 27, 2023) Report from Public Safety Committee_8-22-23 Communication from City Ethics Commission dated 8-22-23 Report from Mayor dated 8-14-23
#30 Item
(30) 23-0764 The City Council may recess to Closed Session, pursuant to Government Code Section 54956.9(d)(1), to confer with its legal counsel relative to the case entitled Annette Sierra v. City of Los Angeles, Los Angeles Superior Court Case No. BC688510. (This is an employment case against the City of Los Angeles.) (Budget, Finance and Innovation Committee considered this matter in Closed Session on August 23, 2023) Report from City Administrative Officer dated 7-10-23.pdf Speaker Card(s)_08-23-2023
#4 Item
(4) 23-0711 PUBLIC SAFETY COMMITTEE REPORT relative to a non-monetary donation of athletic training services, valued at $150,000, for the Los Angeles Fire Department’s (LAFD) Injury Prevention Unit’s Early Intervention Program from the Los Angeles Fire Department Foundation. Recommendation for Council action: APPROVE the acceptance of a non-monetary donation of athletic training services, valued at $150,000, for the LAFD’s Injury Prevention Unit’s Early Intervention Program from the Los Angeles Fire Department Foundation; and, THANK the donor for this generous donation.
#5 Item
(5) 23-0712 PUBLIC SAFETY COMMITTEE REPORT relative to a non-monetary donation of Los Angeles Clippers and Los Angeles Lakers game tickets, valued at $23,840, for the Los Angeles Fire Department’s (LAFD) Bureau of Administration from Steve Needleman of Anjac Fashion Buildings. Recommendation for Council action: APPROVE the acceptance of a non-monetary donation of Los Angeles Clippers and Los Angeles Lakers game tickets, valued at $23,840, for the LAFD’s Bureau of Administration from Steve Needleman of Anjac Fashion Buildings; and, THANK the donor for this generous donation.
#6 Item
(6) 20-0898 PUBLIC SAFETY COMMITTEE REPORT relative to renewing the Designation of Applicant’s Agent Resolution for the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the State of California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services. Recommendation for Council action: APPROVE the Designation of Applicant’s Agent Resolution for Non-State Agencies designating the City Administrative Officer (CAO) as the City’s Authorized Agent to execute and deliver certificates, agreements, and other documents required in connection with obtaining Federally declared Disaster, Fire Management Assistance Grant, California Disaster Assistance Act, Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities, and Legislative Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program grants.
#7 Item
(7) 23-0310 PUBLIC SAFETY COMMITTEE REPORT relative to the Fiscal Year 2022-23 Victim Assistance Program grant. Recommendations for Council action, SUBJECT TO THE APPROVAL OF THE MAYOR: AUTHORIZE the City Attorney, or designee, to accept grant funding in the amount of $2,178,586 from the County of Los Angeles, and accept and execute the grant agreement between the County of Los Angeles and the City Attorney’s Office, subject to the approval of the City Attorney as to form. AUTHORIZE the Controller to: Establish within Fund No. 368 a receivable for this program in the amount of $2,178,586 from the County of Los Angeles. Establish within Fund No. 368 a new appropriation account 12Y311 - Victim Assistance Program, in the amount of $2,178,586. Upon receipt of grant funds and approval of grant expenses, transfer up to $1,100,133 from Fund No. 368/12, Account 12Y311 - Victim Assistance Program FY22/23 to Fund No. 100/12, Revenue Source Code No. 5427, Reimbursement from Grants, for salary expenses of the 15 grant reimbursed regular authorities. Upon receipt of grant funds and approval of grant expenses, transfer up to $632,788 from Fund 368/12, Account No. 12Y311 - Victim Assistance Program FY22/23 to Fund No. 100/12, Revenue Source Code No. 5346, Related Cost Reimbursement – Grants, for indirect costs. Upon receipt of grant funds and approval of grant expenses, transfer up to $87,970 from Fund No. 368/12, Account No. 12Y311 – Victim Assistance Program FY22/23 to Fund No. 100/12, Account No. 001010 – Salaries General as reimbursement for City Attorney salary expenses of the five resolution authorities. Upon receipt of grant funds and approval of grant expenses, transfer up to $263,911 from Fund No. 368/12, Account No. 12Y311 – Victim Assistance Program FY22/23 to Fund No. 100/12, Revenue Source 5427 – Reimbursement from Grants for Fiscal Year 2022/23 City Attorney salary expenses of the five resolution authorities. AUTHORIZE the City Attorney, or designee, to prepare Controller instructions for any necessary technical adjustments, subject to the approval of the City Administrative Officer (CAO), and authorize the Controller to implement the instructions.
#8 Item
(8) 20-1178-S3 CD 15 PUBLIC SAFETY COMMITTEE REPORT relative to the feasibility of moving the Therapeutic Van Pilot Program from the Los Angeles Fire Department’s (LAFD) Fire Station 40 to another dispatch center in the Harbor Area. Recommendation for Council action, pursuant to Motion (McOsker – Hernandez): INSTRUCT the LAFD, with assistance from the Department of General Services, and in coordination with the Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health, to report within 45 days on the feasibility of moving the Therapeutic Van Pilot Program from Fire Station 40 to another dispatch center in the Harbor Area. This report should provide a list of potential LAFD stations, both active and inactive, within Council District 15 that could serve as dispatch centers for the Therapeutic Vans and should consider the location near arterials or freeways that allows for service and dispatches to be as efficient as possible.
#9 Item
(9) 23-0132 BUDGET, FINANCE AND INNOVATION COMMITTEE REPORT relative to a refund claim filed by Time Warner Cable, North, for a Utility Permit. Recommendation for Council action, SUBJECT TO THE APPROVAL OF THE MAYOR: APPROVE Claim for Refund Reference No. 3598 for Utility Permit No. U-2181-1387, in the amount of $59,238.22, and refunded to the Claimant, Time Warner Cable, North.

Transportation Committee

#1 Item
(1)\n22-1576\nCD 13\nLos Angeles Department of Transportation (LADOT) report relative to multimodal infrastructure in Council District 13.
#2 Item
(2)\n23-0870\nLADOT report relative to requesting authorization to release a Request for Proposals for the provision of transit marketing services.
#3 Item
(3)\n20-1015-S2\nLADOT report and Resolution relative to authority to accept the annual allocations of SB1 State Transit Assistance funds for Fiscal Years (FY) 2017-18, 2018-19, 2020-21, 2021-22, and 2023-24.
#4 Item
(4)\n23-0600-S99\nAdopted Budget Recommendation relative to resources needed to adequately staff the Traffic Control Officers at the Wilmington District Office related to equipment and signal failures. \nCommunity Impact Statement: None submitted.
#5 Item
(5)\n23-0008-S9\nCD 12\nResolution (Lee – McOsker) relative to prohibiting the parking of oversize vehicles between 2:00 am and 6:00 am on both sides of Woodlake Avenue, between Sherman Way and Sherman Place.\nCommunity Impact Statement: None submitted.
#6 Item
(6)\nDISCUSSION ITEM ONLY\nGeneral Manager, LADOT, to present verbal report relative to the Department's ongoing projects and programs; transit services offered by the Department; the state of mobility for pedestrians, cyclists, and vehicles within the City of Los Angeles; and, recognition of LADOT employees for outstanding service.
#7 Item
(7)\n23-0600-S97\nAdopted Budget Recommendation and LADOT to report relative to additional resources that will be needed to supplement the existing 596 crossing guards. \nCommunity Impact Statement: None submitted.
#8 Item
(8)\n23-0304\nJoint Los Angeles Department of Transportation and Personnel Department report relative to the status of the Crossing Guard Program and expedited hiring.
#9 Item
(9)\n17-1137\nLos Angeles Department of Transportation report relative to the Vision Zero implementation strategy for 2023.